Continuous thermal monitoring from November 2023 on two EVNNPC substations: 20+ measuring points, a transformer bushing warning and an MCCB defect found and repaired. Mapped to IEEE Std 2969-2025, CIGRE TB 999 and NFPA 70B.
Where VTI sensors are in service
110 kV Hoi Hop substation, EVNNPC. A phase-to-phase temperature differential was detected at a 63 MVA transformer bushing terminal. It appeared only at evening peak load — the reason periodic inspections at other times of day had not seen it.
Thach Ban 16 substation, EVNHANOI. A cable termination running above 70 °C was concealed behind a silicone boot. Successive handheld infrared inspections had not detected it; a contact sensor under the boot did.
500 kV transformer and reactor bushings, four substations, Viet Nam (2025). Self-powered sensors on the bushing terminals of 500 kV transformers and shunt reactors, reporting to a gateway in each substation.
Ten 110 kV substations, northern Viet Nam (2026). Wireless temperature sensors on substation equipment, supporting condition-based maintenance.
Urban 110 kV and 22 kV substations, Hanoi (2022–2026). HV/MV cable terminations, 110 kV transformers, RMUs and LV boards in a city distribution network.
Four hydropower plants, Viet Nam (2023–2025). Main transformers, generators and generator circuit breakers.
Sensor on an EHV transformer bushing terminal, Viet NamSensor at a transformer bushing flangeSensors on outdoor disconnector contacts, high-voltage substationDisconnector contact monitoring in a substation switchyardSensor on a bolted clamp connectorSelf-powered sensor on a stranded conductorVTI-TS sensor on a stranded conductor — made in Viet NamSensors on stranded conductorsOn-site installations in Vietnamese substations
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